Hill
A hill is a small rise of land that is smaller than a mountain.
Mountain
The top of a mountain is called a peak.
When there are a number of mountains in a row, it’s called a mountain range.
Volcano
This volcano is erupting
When a volcano explodes, it is called an eruption.
The hot orange liquid is called lava
The grey clouds produced by the volcano are called ash.
Valley
A valley is a low place between mountains or hills.
Cliff
A cliff is a vertical rock formation.
Cave / Cavern
A cave or cavern is an underground space.
Field
A field is an area of land used for agriculture or animals
Plain
A large, flat area of land is called a plain.
Forest / Woods
A forest is an area filled with trees.
Jungle / Rain Forest
A jungle or rain forest is an area with lots of tropical trees and plants.
Sand
When the sand forms hills or mountains like in this picture, they are called sand dunes.
Soil / Dirt
Good soil is needed for growing crops (plants for food).
In general, the word soil is used when talking about growing plants, and the word dirt is used when you have some on your shoes or clothes. When soil/dirt gets wet, it becomes mud (like in this picture!)
“Do you want to play in the mud?”
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